Low-voltage LED lighting, such as 12V or 24V, always needs to provide a stable and constant current at a precise voltage. They require an LED power supply to convert them. This article will explore what does an led driver do, working principles, main functions and types.
What Is An LED Driver?
An LED driver can also be called an LED power supply and an LED converter. It is an independent power supply and a dedicated power conversion device used with LED devices. It can convert the high-voltage alternating current (AC) of the main power supply into the low-voltage direct current (DC) required for LED operation. Without an LED driver, LEDs cannot work properly because they require a constant current or voltage to emit light efficiently and safely.
Why Does LED Lighting Need an LED Driver?
This is a question that many users are curious about. We can briefly analyze this question to help users better understand it.
1：AC to DC conversion
LEDs essentially run on direct current (DC). However, most power sources, such as household outlets, provide alternating current (AC). So, LED drivers convert AC to DC, ensuring that the LED receives the right type of power and does not burn out.
2：Voltage and current regulation
LEDs require precise voltage and current to operate optimally. Too much voltage or current can cause overheating and shorten the life of the LED, while too little current can result in insufficient brightness. LED drivers regulate power, maintain consistent performance, and protect LEDs from fluctuations.
Types of LED Drivers
There are two main types of LED drivers: constant current and constant voltage.
Constant Current LED Drivers
Constant current LED drivers provide a fixed output current and adjust the voltage as needed. They are ideal for applications that need to maintain a constant current, such as high-power LEDs. Constant current drivers are often used in commercial and industrial lighting because of their reliability and efficiency.
Advantages
Stable current supply
Extended LED life
Suitable for high-power applications
Constant Voltage LED Drivers
Constant voltage LED drivers provide a fixed output voltage and adjust the current as needed. They are often used in low power applications where the voltage is kept constant, such as LED strips and home lighting. Constant voltage LED drivers are the choice for many low voltage LED lighting applications. Pls read How to Choose 12V vs. 24V LED Strip Lights?
Advantages
Flexibility to connect multiple LEDs
Great for low-power applications
How to Choose the Right LED Driver？
There are several factors to consider when choosing the right LED driver, mainly whether you choose constant current or constant voltage LED lighting, as well as the issue of power.
Voltage and Current Requirements
Determine the voltage and current requirements of your LEDs, some require constant current, some require constant current. Make sure the driver meets these specifications to avoid damage and ensure optimal performance. Constant voltage LED strips cannot be powered by constant current.
Dimming Capability
If you need adjustable brightness, look for a driver with dimming capabilities. Not all LED drivers support dimming. Some drivers offer smooth dimming capabilities to enhance user control and energy efficiency.
Power Factor Correction (PFC)
PFC is essential for reducing energy consumption and improving power efficiency. So you should choose a driver with high PFC to be more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
Overheating Protection
Overheating can significantly shorten the life of the LED, so we should choose to install the LED power supply in a ventilated place. So choosing a driver with thermal protection can prevent overheating and extend the life of the lighting system.
Waterproof Function
Whether it is a constant current or constant voltage power supply, there are waterproof and non-waterproof options. If it is a dry indoor, a non-waterproof power supply will do. If it is used outdoors or in a humid place, please be sure to choose an LED power supply with a suitable waterproof level to ensure the safety performance of the power supply.
Troubleshoot Common LED Driver Issues
Sometimes, we find that the LED lights will have some flickering problems. We can all check the power supply as soon as possible.
Lights flash
If the LED strip is flickering it may be caused by an incompatible dimmer, insufficient power, or a faulty driver. Make sure all components are compatible and check the stability of the power supply. If you want to know what to do if the LED light strip is not on, pls read How to Repair the Broken LED Strip Lights? -Common Troubleshooting
Overheating
Overheating is also an issue and can be caused by using an unsuitable drive or poor ventilation. Make sure the driver meets the specifications of the LED and improve ventilation around the driver.
Inconsistent brightness
Inconsistent brightness may be caused by voltage drops or wiring faults. We should also consider checking whether the connection is firm or whether the connected light strip is too long. If using longer strips, use appropriately sized extra-long constant current strips and wires to minimize voltage drops.
Conclusion
LED drivers play a vital role in the functionality and efficiency of LED lighting systems. They are the components that convert AC to DC, regulate voltage and current, and protect LEDs from power fluctuations. You need to choose the right LED power supply based on the LED lighting you choose. More information, pls contact us.